While app-based ride-hailing services such as Uber and Lyft have increased mobility for many in recent years, they also undoubtedly contribute to increased emissions and traffic congestion. 

“Pooled” services or rides, in which multiple users share an on-demand ride, could slightly mitigate these effects. However, even before the pandemic, pooled rides were unpopular. Using a survey of California city residents, researchers at UC Berkeley attempted to discover which travelers might be good targets for the future pooling market and how best to encourage them to pool.